Gravita Lead Technology
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Largest Lead Manufacturer

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Lead Oxide Plant

Lead Oxide Manufacturing

Lead Sub Oxide PlantThere are three oxides of Lead with commercial applications:

  • Lead Sub-Oxide (2PbO.Pb.H2O), also known as Grey/ Lead Oxide,
  • Litharge (PbO)
  • Red Lead Oxide (Pb3O4) or Lead Orthoplumbate.
Company provides comprehensive (off the shelf) solutions for the manufacturing of all three Lead Oxides commonly named as Lead Sub Oxide (Grey Oxide / Battery Oxide), Red Lead Oxide (Lead Tetra Oxide) & Litharge Oxide (Lead Mono Oxide / Lead Yellow Oxide) with the required process inputs.

Sub Oxide / Grey Oxide Plant

Grey Oxide is used on an extensive scale for preparation of plates in Lead Acid Batteries which requires production to strict specifications .Refined Lead (99.97% purity) ingots are the required input for our LSO manufacturing plant, which uses the ball mill process. It comprises of a small Lead Melting Furnace, operating in line with a hemispherical ball-casting machine, which feeds the balls to the ball mill .In the ball mill, Lead is converted to Lead Sub Oxide in an exothermic process, in conditions of a maintained temperature range of 135-145 degrees centigrade and constant airflow. The Grey Oxide is harvested through a high efficiency cyclone, bag-house filtration unit and induction draft fan arrangement. It is in a grey powder form. The desired particle size and free Lead content is ensured through proper plant configuration and precise control of ID Fan suction .The plant supplied by Gravita can produce up to 350 mesh size LSO powder, be configured for any desired production capacity and complete with the required accessories & material handling systems.

 

LSO Typical Specifications

 
ATTRIBUTE COMPOSITION  
Color Blackish to Greenish Grey
Crystal Structure Tetragonal
Spot 1.4 - 1.6
Retention on 63 micron (max%) 0.1
Retention on 325 mesh % 5.7
Water Absorption mg/gm 110-120
Acid Absorption mg/gm 160-200
Free Lead (% Max) 25-40
Lead Monoxide (%) 60-75
 

Litharge and Red Lead Plant

Litharge, an important intermediate, is used in a variety of industries like ceramics and glass, lubricants and greases, insecticides, inorganic pigments, Lead soaps, petroleum refining, rubber and PVC. Red Lead is also used to a certain extent in the ceramics and glass, paints and pigments and explosives industries.

Litharge Manufacturing Plant

Gravita’s manufacturing solutions for Red Lead and Litharge have a Barton plant as the common first step. The required input is refined Lead ingots of 99.97% purity. The Barton plant output is routed to either the Red Lead or the Litharge furnace with their respective equipment complement. The Barton plant comprises of a small Lead melting furnace, operating inline with a Barton Reaction Pot with stirrers, classifier, cyclone, filter bag-house, ID Fan arrangement, together with a collecting bin and material handling systems.

The final Litharge plant module utilizes the Barton plant module output as its input. It comprises of the Litharge furnace, grinder and cyclone and bag-house arrangements, ending in a mixer\silo & packing section.

The final Red Lead plant module utilizes the Barton plant module output, as its input. It comprises of a Red Lead furnace, in conjunction with a dust collection plant, conveyors, grinder and cyclone-bag-house filtration unit arrangements, culminating in a packing and storage module.

Company supplied Red Lead and Litharge manufacturing Plant can be configured for a wide range of capacities.

 
Red Lead Typical Specifications   Litharge Typical Specifications
ATTRIBUTE RED Lead SETTING GRADE RED Lead NON-SETTING GRADE

Color

Orange Red to Brick Red

Brilliant Orange Red to Brick Red

Crystal Structure

Spinal Structure

Spinal Structure

Thermal Stability

500 ° C

500 ° C

Specific Gravity

9.1

9.1

Retention on 240 mesh Sieve/63 micron 15' Sieve (max %)

0.15

0.15

Apparent Density

1.3 to 1.6

1.2 to 1.3

Subsidence in Petrol / Water mi/gm

0.38 to 0.45

0.43 to 0.45

Water Absorption

80 to 100

100 to 110

Acid Absorption

150 to 160

130 to 150

Volatile Matter

0.01

0.003

Oil Absorption

6-7

6-7

Free Lead (% Max)

Traces

NIL

PbO %

18 to 27

30 to 33.1

PbO

51.6 to 77.4

86 to 95

Moisture Content (% Max)

0.05

0.05

Purity (% Min)

99.99

99.99

 
ATTRIBUTE COMPOSITION

Color

Canary Yellow with Reddish tinge

Crystal Structure

Orthombic + Tetragonal

Specific Gravity

9.5 to 9.9

`

250 ° C to 897 ° C

Retention on 240 mesh Sieve/63 micron 15' Sieve (max %)

0.1

Apparent Density (scott) gms/cc

1.8 to 2.2

Subsidence in Petrol / Water mi/gm

0.40 to 0.42

Water Absorption

90 to 100

Acid Absorption

80 to 110

Solubility in Water gms/litre

0.10

Oil Absorption

0.1

Insoluble matter in Acetic Acid (% Max)

0.08

Free Lead (% Max)

0.01 to 0.05

PbO (% Min)

99.5

All Lead Oxide-Manufacturing Plant are designed with environment friendly technology configurations. As required, the optimum use of impulse filter bag-houses, after filters, variable cross-section central ducting and automatic conveyor systems ensures minimization of dust emissions and enhanced process efficiencies. Gravita provide complete solutions with appropriate process inputs and training to ensure production to the strict specifications required by the consuming industries.

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